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DBCP – 2023 Final
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DBCP – 2023 Final
Welcome to your DBCP - 2023 Final
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1.
[Skills and Abilities]
What is splitting?
The division of the ego into multiple parts
The defense mechanism of denying unpleasant thoughts or feelings
The process of separating positive and negative aspects of oneself or others
The unconscious expression of repressed desires
2.
[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]
A method of classifying human needs and motivations into five categories in ascending order of importance: physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization is called
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
stages of change
reflection of feeling
self disclosure
3.
[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]
How would you define when the therapist provides a summary of what the client says, focusing on and clarifying its meaning with the possibility of reducing miscommunication and shows the client that they are being heard.
Clarification
Termination
Confrontation
Summarization
4.
[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]
Define when the therapist rephrases what client says, builds on it, blends the clients words with his/her understanding. When the therapist is essentially giving the client feedback and allows the client to further explore into their thoughts and feelings.
Encouraging
Reframing
Capping
Paraphrasing
5.
[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]
What is the process called whereby the therapist attends to problems and feelings of the client with warmth and empathy?
Reflection
Termination
Active Listening
.Immediacy (hearing of the evidence, enabling discussion and challenging the evidence)
6.
[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]
Clients have a right to be informed of
Their therapist qualification
The general goals of counseling
The approximate time of therapeutic process
All of the above
7.
[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]
Any action from the therapist which encourages and promotes client to do disclosure (verbal and nonverbal). Where the client knows the therapist is actively listening by being interested and wishing to hear more.
True
False
8.
[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]
One of the important Basic skills to promote greater client disclosure is done through open ended questions.
True
False
9.
[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]
Paraphrasing is when the therapist restates what the client said. Often different words are used by the client and the therapist may be using this to draw attention to a particular concern or aspect. Sometimes paraphrasing is used to clarify.
True
False
10.
[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]
One of the active listening skill i.e. "parroting" is valuable in making client feel important and relevant.
True
False
11.
[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]
A husband is angry with his wife because she forgot his birthday. Instead of telling her how he actually feels and why he is upset, he acts distant and moody. He keeps complaining and fighting over small petty things that seem unrelated to the actual reason of his being upset. This is an example of:
Aggressive behavior
Passive behavior
Passive aggressive behavior
Assertive behavior
12.
[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]
Mrs. Z is very overworked and that is affecting her mood at home. She finds it difficult to say no to her boss and often finds herself dealing with more work than is practically possible for her to finish in a single day. She is afraid of asking for a more manageable workload because she does not want to be seen as lazy, and is afraid that she might be fired. Mrs. Z has a problem managing her ________________.
boundaries
assertiveness script
emotions
energy levels
13.
[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]
Mr. X has been talking at length about his troubles with his wife and their lack of communication. He finds it hard to put his feelings into words as he remains confused about what is truly happening in the relationship. The therapist asks, “Did you feel angry when she came to see you?” What type of question is this?
closed question
open question
leading question
reflective question
14.
[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]
Sara, a 44-year-old woman with a young daughter, is suffering from depression. She claims that she never feels happy anymore and that she is always disappointed with her husband. She fears she will never feel good again as long as she lives. She says she has nothing to look forward to anymore. She reports she has always been a person who was not easily satisfied and that she is only praying her daughter won’t be like her. Sara’s language demonstrates that she has:
difficulty managing her boundaries
black and white thinking
difficulty owning her emotions
passive aggressive style of communication
15.
[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]
Sana, a 33-year-old woman, is extremely self-conscious and anxious. As she sits with you in her second session and complains about her mother and her husband she becomes quiet and then says “I know you think I’m crazy. When my husband gives me that look I also know he is thinking I’m crazy.” Sana is doing which one of the following:
daydreaming
sparring
derailing
mind reading
16.
[PERSON CENTERED]
What is organismic self?
The unconscious part of the psyche according to Sigmund Freud
The internal experience of an individual's true thoughts and feelings
The process of integrating unconscious desires into conscious awareness
The tendency to strive for self-actualization and personal growth
17.
[PERSON CENTERED]
What is self - structure and how does the self-structure form?
Self-structure refers to the stable organization of one's self-concept, and it forms through genetic factors.
Self-structure is the collection of one's core beliefs and values, and it forms through socialization and cultural influences.
Self-structure is the pattern of cognitive processes involved in self-perception, and it forms through early childhood experiences.
Self-structure is the manifestation of unconscious conflicts, and it forms through the resolution of the Oedipus complex.
18.
[PERSON CENTERED]
Give a personal example of negative conditions of worth and an external locus of evaluation?
Feeling unworthy and undeserving of love and acceptance unless achieving perfect grades in school.
Striving for personal happiness and fulfillment based on one's own internal standards and values.
Seeking validation and approval primarily from external sources such as peers or society.
Developing a strong sense of self-esteem and self-acceptance through positive self-talk and self-care practices.
19.
[PERSON CENTERED]
What is the actualizing tendency?
The innate drive within individuals to achieve self-actualization and fulfill their potential.
The belief that human behavior is primarily determined by external environmental factors.
The process of integrating unconscious desires into conscious awareness.
The tendency to conform to societal norms and expectations.
20.
[PERSON CENTERED]
How would you describe congruence and incongruence and their difference?
Congruence refers to the alignment between one's self-concept and their actual experiences, while incongruence is the state of discrepancy between them.
Congruence is the state of being in harmony with others, while incongruence is the tendency to resist change and cling to old patterns.
Congruence is the ability to adapt to different situations, while incongruence is the process of integrating conflicting thoughts and emotions.
Congruence is the tendency to conform to societal expectations, while incongruence is the manifestation of unconscious conflicts.
21.
[PERSON CENTERED]
What is self - valuing?
Self-valuing refers to the process of assigning worth and importance to oneself based on external validation and approval.
Self-valuing is the ability to recognize and appreciate one's own inherent worth and value as an individual.
Self-valuing is the act of comparing oneself to others in order to determine one's own self-worth.
Self-valuing is the tendency to prioritize the needs and desires of others over one's own.
22.
[PERSON CENTERED]
What are the six conditions and why are they called necessary and sufficient? Which of these are the three core conditions?
The six conditions refer to the six fundamental principles of counseling, and they are called necessary and sufficient because they are essential for successful therapeutic outcomes. The three core conditions are empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence.
The six conditions represent the stages of human development, and they are called necessary and sufficient because they are required for optimal growth. The three core conditions are trust, autonomy, and competence.
The six conditions are specific techniques used in cognitive-behavioral therapy, and they are called necessary and sufficient because they address all aspects of the client's issues. The three core conditions are cognitive restructuring, exposure therapy, and behavior activation.
The six conditions are different counseling approaches, and they are called necessary and sufficient because each approach is individually effective. The three core conditions vary depending on the specific approach.
23.
[PERSON CENTERED]
Describe what distortion/denial of an experience means?
Distortion/denial of an experience refers to the process of altering or misinterpreting one's perception of an event or situation in order to avoid discomfort or preserve self-image.
Distortion/denial of an experience is a defense mechanism that involves completely disregarding or blocking out the memory of a traumatic event.
Distortion/denial of an experience is the tendency to exaggerate or magnify the significance of a minor event or occurrence.
Distortion/denial of an experience is the act of projecting one's own negative emotions onto others to avoid taking responsibility for one's actions.
24.
[PERSON CENTERED]
Name a few things that a fully functioning person is able to do/ be:
A fully functioning person is able to: Suppress emotions and avoid vulnerability. Depend heavily on others for validation and decision-making. Reject personal growth and resist change. Prioritize material possessions over personal well-being.
A fully functioning person is able to: Embrace vulnerability and express emotions authentically. Rely on others for constant validation and decision-making. Resist personal growth and reject opportunities for change. Prioritize material possessions over personal well-being.
A fully functioning person is able to: Avoid vulnerability and suppress emotions. Depend solely on others for validation and decision-making. Embrace personal growth and pursue opportunities for change. Neglect personal well-being and prioritize material possessions.
A fully functioning person is able to: Suppress emotions and avoid vulnerability. Rely on others for constant validation and decision-making. Reject personal growth and resist change.
25.
[GESTALT THERAPY]
Fritz and Laura Perls developed the following theory:
Person Centered
Gestalt
Phenomenology
26.
[GESTALT THERAPY]
A contact boundary is where
The self is split and there is an internal boundary.
The self meets the environment
The self is in balance with the environment
27.
[GESTALT THERAPY]
Healthy functioning is when we
Are tuned in to the needs of ourselves and the environment
When we respond appropriately do the environment
Where we respond appropriately to the needs of self.
All of the above
28.
[GESTALT THERAPY]
Self-actualization is
What you really are—not other people’s image or expectation of you.
It is life lived as demanded by the current situation.
Showing appropriate identifications and alienations.
All of the above
29.
[GESTALT THERAPY]
What are the four characteristics of a dialogic relationship?
Inclusion, presence, confluence and genuine communication
Inclusion, presence, confirmation and genuine communication
Sensation, awareness, action and genuine communication
30.
[GESTALT THERAPY]
What is Phenomenological experiencing?
Phenomenological experiencing is a process of analyzing human behavior based on observable actions and responses.
Phenomenological experiencing refers to the study of unconscious motivations and desires that influence behavior.
Phenomenological experiencing involves exploring and understanding the subjective lived experiences and perspectives of individuals.
Phenomenological experiencing is a therapeutic technique that focuses on changing negative thought patterns and cognitive distortions.
31.
[GESTALT THERAPY]
Inclusion, Presence Confirmation and Genuine communication are characteristics of the _______________________________ within Gestalt therapy.
Therapeutic alliance
Contact boundary
Awareness continuum
Here-and-now experience
32.
[GESTALT THERAPY]
What is spontaneous figure ground formation?
Spontaneous figure-ground formation refers to the process of perceiving and organizing stimuli in the environment as separate figures against a background.
Spontaneous figure-ground formation is a technique used in art therapy to create abstract compositions without preconceived intentions.
Spontaneous figure-ground formation is a concept in Gestalt psychology that emphasizes the importance of the whole perceptual experience rather than isolated elements.
Spontaneous figure-ground formation is a characteristic of active listening in which the listener focuses on the speaker's main message while filtering out distractions.
33.
[GESTALT THERAPY]
What two tendencies cause poor figure ground formation?
The two tendencies that cause poor figure-ground formation are: Perceptual rigidity, which leads to difficulty in shifting attention between figure and ground. Cognitive overload, which overwhelms the individual's ability to process and differentiate stimuli.
The two tendencies that cause poor figure-ground formation are: Overemphasis on the background, which results in neglecting important figures. Lack of perceptual closure, making it challenging to distinguish figures from the background.
The two tendencies that cause poor figure-ground formation are: Excessive attention to details, which hinders the perception of the overall figure. Inability to differentiate foreground from background, leading to confusion in organizing visual information.
The two tendencies that cause poor figure-ground formation are: Lack of focus, causing difficulty in establishing a clear figure against the background. Inattentional blindness, where important figures are overlooked due to a narrowed focus.
34.
[GESTALT THERAPY]
What is free functioning and ill health in Gestalt terms?
Free functioning in Gestalt terms refers to a state of balanced and integrated self-regulation where individuals are able to adapt and respond to their environment with flexibility. Ill health, on the other hand, is characterized by disruptions or disturbances in this self-regulation, resulting in difficulties in functioning effectively.
Free functioning in Gestalt terms refers to the ability to conform to societal norms and expectations, maintaining a sense of stability and consistency. Ill health, in contrast, is defined as deviating from these norms and experiencing internal conflicts and instability.
Free functioning in Gestalt terms refers to the absence of physical ailments or illnesses that may hinder one's daily functioning. Ill health, conversely, refers to the presence of physical symptoms or diseases that impair overall well-being.
Free functioning in Gestalt terms refers to the state of complete independence and self-sufficiency, where individuals are not reliant on others for their well-being. Ill health, on the other hand, is characterized by dependency and the inability to function autonomously.
35.
[GESTALT THERAPY]
What is the cycle of formation and destruction with its phases and stages?
Withdrawal - Awareness - Energy Build-Up - Confluence
Contact - Action - Withdrawal - Completion
Confluence - Awareness - Contact - Energy Build-Up
Completion - Action - Withdrawal - Awareness
36.
[GESTALT THERAPY]
What is DIS-EASE in Gestalt?
Statis, resistance, rigidity and control, often with anxiety.
A disturbance in the flow of the cycle
A condition in which the person is not fully functional and experiencing themselves as whole and in good physiological and psychological contact with the environment.
All of the above
37.
[GESTALT THERAPY]
What is the contact boundary?
The contact boundary refers to the physical distance maintained between individuals during social interactions.
The contact boundary is a term used in physics to describe the interaction between two objects when they come into contact with each other.
The contact boundary is the perceptual and sensory interface between an individual and their environment, where they engage and interact with the world around them.
The contact boundary is a concept in economics that represents the point at which a business initiates communication or engages with potential customers.
38.
[GESTALT THERAPY]
What are contact boundary disturbances in terms of self and environment?
Contact boundary disturbances refer to disruptions in the connection between an individual's self-perception and their physical environment, resulting in a disoriented sense of personal identity.
Contact boundary disturbances occur when an individual has difficulty establishing healthy boundaries with others, leading to enmeshment or isolation in relationships.
Contact boundary disturbances involve difficulties in perceiving and responding appropriately to environmental cues, leading to challenges in effectively engaging and navigating one's surroundings.
Contact boundary disturbances occur when an individual experiences conflicts or incongruence between their internal thoughts, emotions, and external environmental demands.
39.
[GESTALT THERAPY]
When energy becomes blocked or ‘interrupted’ or an early need is left ‘unsatisfied’ it is explained as __________________
Ego depletion, where individuals lack the mental resources to fulfill their needs.
Emotional repression, where individuals suppress their emotions and desires.
Traumatic stress, where individuals experience the lingering effects of past negative experiences.
Psychic energy fixation, where individuals are fixated on unmet needs or unresolved issues.
40.
[GESTALT THERAPY]
Explain contact boundary disturbances in terms of yourself.
Difficulties in accurately perceiving and responding to environmental cues.
A fear of being engulfed or overwhelmed in relationships.
An excessive focus on meeting the needs of others at the expense of your own.
A disconnection from your authentic self and suppression of emotions, thoughts, and needs.
41.
[Transactional Analysis]
Tick the point that does not belong in the list of game features:
Games are repetitive.
Games are played in Adult awareness.
Games always end up with the players experiencing racket feelings.
Games entail an exchange of ulterior transactions between the players.
Games always include a moment of surprise or confusion.
42.
[Transactional Analysis]
What makes a third degree game different from a second degree game?
Third degree game uses ulterior transactions
Third degree games causes irreparable harm
Third degree game include a moment of surprise
43.
[Transactional Analysis]
From what position in the Drama Triangle can we not play games:
Rescuer
Persecutor
Leveller
Victim
44.
[Transactional Analysis]
One of the ways I can bust a game is by…
Deciding to play along with the person
Giving the other person many positive strokes at the beginning and negative strokes at the pay-off.
Noticing the psychological message at the beginning of the ulterior transaction and crossing that transaction
45.
[Transactional Analysis]
What are the three ingredients of Autonomy?
The three ingredients of autonomy are: Self-reflection, which involves introspection and examination of one's thoughts and beliefs. Self-determination, which is the ability to make choices and decisions based on personal values and preferences. Self-assertion, which involves expressing one's needs, desires, and boundaries in a respectful and assertive manner.
The three ingredients of autonomy are: Independence, which refers to the ability to function and make decisions without reliance on others. Self-efficacy, which is the belief in one's own capabilities and effectiveness. Individuality, which emphasizes the uniqueness and individual expression of one's thoughts and behaviors.
The three ingredients of autonomy are: Emotional intelligence, which involves the ability to recognize and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others. Flexibility, which refers to the adaptability and openness to change in different situations. Interpersonal skills, which involve effective communication, empathy, and building healthy relationships.
The three ingredients of autonomy are: Motivation, which is the internal drive and desire to achieve personal goals. Self-discipline, which involves self-control and the ability to regulate one's behavior and impulses. Resilience, which is the capacity to bounce back from setbacks and overcome challenges.
46.
[Transactional Analysis]
Define Ego States
Different aspects of an individual's personality that emerge in response to specific situations or stimuli.
The division of the psyche into conscious, unconscious, and preconscious levels.
The external influences and social conditioning that shape an individual's behavior and beliefs.
The cognitive processes involved in decision-making and problem-solving.
47.
[Transactional Analysis]
In recognizing what ego-state a person is in, you can observe a person’s behavior. What five clues will you be observing?
Mannerisms, Attire, Speech patterns, Interactions, Body language.
Thoughts, Emotions, Memories, Desires, Goals.
Childhood, Adolescence, Adulthood, Seniority, Gender.
Introversion, Extroversion, Sensing, Intuition, Judging.
48.
[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]
According to his theory, the part of the psyche that provides moral judgment for behavior is
id
superego
ego
ego-ideal
49.
[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]
The Oedipus Complex is the major conflict during what stage in his theory of psychosexual development?
oral
latent
genital
phallic
50.
[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]
The id, ego, and superego are
located in the unconscious
three mental structures in the psyche
present at birth
the first three psychosexual stages of development
51.
[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]
The genitals are the primary erogenous zones in which stage(s) of psychosexual theory of development?
latency
phallic
phallic and genital
latency, anal and genital
52.
[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]
How did Freud describe the super-ego?
the agent of adaptation
an internalization of parental values
the primary process
the "engine"
53.
[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]
A basic psychoanalytic belief is that
It is a key to understanding human behavior and to understand the unconscious.
That therapists should strive to understand the objective facts of a client's life.
That the here-and-now perspective is the most important in understanding a person
That a person’s psyche is static.
54.
[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]
The twin cornerstones of psychoanalytic motivation are
sex and security
safety and security
hunger and sex
sex and aggression
55.
[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]
The ego serves what principle?
pleasure
reality
moralistic
idealistic
56.
[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]
Which regions of the mind have no direct contact with the external world
id and superego
id and ego
id only
ego and superego
57.
[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]
The guilt a person experiences after violating personal standards of conduct is called
Realistic anxiety
Neurotic anxiety
Manifest anxiety
Moral anxiety
58.
[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]
According to Freud, anxiety is felt by the
Id
Ego
Superego
Conscience
59.
[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]
To Freud, the most crucial stage of development is
Infancy
Latency
Genital
Maturity
60.
[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]
What is the Freudian term for the fixed amount of mental energy?
Electra
Libido
Oedipus
Thanatos
61.
[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]
In psychoanalysis, what are the three basic structures of personality?
Regression, repression and denial.
Id, ego and superego.
Oral, anal and phallic.
Dreams, thoughts and urges.
62.
[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]
At around what age does the Superego develop?
2 years.
10 years.
5 years
Just after birth
63.
[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]
During which approximate stage in life is the oral stage?
3 years to 5 years.
Birth to one year.
18 months to 3 years.
5 years to 12 years.
64.
[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]
In Freud's theory, which structure of personality is the last to develop?
Superego
Id.
Ego.
Subconscious
65.
[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]
Provide an example of moral anxiety, reality anxiety and neurotic anxiety.
Moral anxiety: Feeling guilty and conflicted after acting against personal moral values, such as cheating on a test. Reality anxiety: Experiencing fear and worry before a job interview or an important exam. Neurotic anxiety: Feeling intense distress and panic when confronted with situations or objects associated with a specific phobia, such as spiders or heights.
Moral anxiety: Feeling anxious about making a decision between two equally attractive options. Reality anxiety: Experiencing a sense of unease when perceiving a threat to physical safety. Neurotic anxiety: Feeling overwhelmed by existential questions and the meaning of life.
Moral anxiety: Feeling nervous before a public speaking engagement. Reality anxiety: Experiencing guilt and regret for past actions. Neurotic anxiety: Feeling overwhelmed by excessive worries and irrational fears.
Moral anxiety: Feeling anxious about breaking social norms and expectations. Reality anxiety: Experiencing fear and apprehension when encountering a dangerous situation. Neurotic anxiety: Feeling distressed and fearful of abandonment in interpersonal relationships.
66.
[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]
What are the sources of Annihilation anxiety
Fear of failure and disappointment.
Existential concerns about the meaninglessness of life.
Threats to physical safety and well-being.
Traumatic experiences and past traumas.
67.
[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]
What are the sources of Abandonment anxiety?
Rejection by loved ones and social exclusion.
Fear of being alone and unsupported.
Traumatic experiences involving abandonment or loss.
Existential concerns about the impermanence of relationships.
68.
[Object Relations]
Klein’s main work and research was with:
Adolescents
Children
Adults
Older people
69.
[Object Relations]
According to Klein, children focused their energy on:
Controlling libidinal impulses
Overcoming inferiority complexes
Constructing their interpersonal world
70.
[Object Relations]
What is the most important relationship in a child’s life?
Paternal relationship
Maternal Relationship
Sibling Relationship
71.
[Object Relations]
Explain the concept of Splitting in Klein
Splitting refers to the integration of conflicting aspects or qualities into a unified whole.
Splitting involves perceiving things as having both positive and negative attributes simultaneously.
Splitting is the defense mechanism of dividing experiences, objects, or feelings into extreme opposites.
Splitting is the process of recognizing and accepting the ambivalence or complexity that exists in reality.
72.
[Object Relations]
What other Defense Mechanisms does the ego employ outside of splitting in Klein?
Repression
Regression
Projection
Suppression
73.
[Object Relations]
Describe the Paranoid-Schizoid position.
A developmental stage characterized by a fear of being abandoned and a tendency to split objects into extreme good and bad categories.
A defense mechanism involving the projection of one's own unacceptable thoughts and feelings onto others.
The unconscious blocking or pushing away of distressing thoughts, feelings, or memories from conscious awareness.
A process of attributing overly positive qualities or attributes to oneself, others, or objects.
74.
[Object Relations]
Why is the depressive position an important developmental milestone?
The depressive position signifies the integration of positive and negative aspects of oneself and others, leading to more realistic internal representations of relationships.
The depressive position involves the projection of unacceptable thoughts and feelings onto others as a defense mechanism.
The depressive position reflects the unconscious blocking or pushing away of distressing thoughts, feelings, or memories from conscious awareness.
The depressive position is a process of attributing overly positive qualities or attributes to oneself, others, or objects.
75.
[Object Relations]
Why is over gratification in a growing infant called unsatisfactory mothering?
Over-gratification denies the infant the opportunity to experience frustration and learn to tolerate delayed gratification.
Over-gratification leads to unrealistic expectations and difficulties in forming healthy relationships.
Over-gratification fosters excessive dependency and impairs the development of autonomy.
Over-gratification hinders emotional development and limits the ability to navigate a range of emotions.
76.
[Object Relations]
Why does the baby become clingy with the fluffy toy?
The fluffy toy provides physical warmth and protection.
The baby sees the fluffy toy as a source of entertainment.
The baby is practicing its motor skills with the fluffy toy.
The fluffy toy serves as a transitional object for comfort and security.
77.
[Object Relations]
What is the difference between healthy and unhealthy False-Self?
A healthy False-Self allows for authentic self-expression.
A healthy False-Self is adaptable and flexible.
An unhealthy False-Self is rigid and lacks authenticity.
An unhealthy False-Self promotes self-acceptance and self-esteem.
78.
[Object Relations]
What is the Tripartite Configuration?
The division of the mind into three parts: conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.
The division of the psyche into id, ego, and superego.
The formation of the False-Self, True-Self, and Transitional Object.
The interaction between the therapist, client, and the therapeutic relationship.
79.
[Object Relations]
How does introjection and identification differ from ego identity?
Introjection and identification refer to the incorporation of external objects, while ego identity refers to a sense of self and self-awareness.
Introjection and identification are unconscious processes, while ego identity is a conscious sense of self.
Introjection and identification are related to the development of object relations, while ego identity is related to the development of a cohesive self-concept.
Introjection and identification involve assimilating aspects of others into oneself, while ego identity involves the integration and differentiation of various aspects of the self.
80.
[Object Relations]
What is the purpose of inviting negative transference?
To reinforce negative patterns and dynamics in the therapeutic relationship.
To challenge and explore unconscious conflicts and unresolved issues.
To avoid addressing difficult emotions and maintain a superficial therapeutic process.
To promote positive transference and enhance the therapeutic alliance.
81.
[Object Relations]
Name all Borderline Defenses?
Repression, denial, and rationalization.
Splitting, projective identification, and acting out.
Sublimation, displacement, and intellectualization.
Introjection, identification, and regression.
82.
[Object Relations]
What is the goal of Transference Focused Therapy?
To explore early childhood experiences and resolve unconscious conflicts.
To develop insight into maladaptive patterns of thinking and behavior.
To improve interpersonal functioning and enhance relationships.
To identify and modify dysfunctional patterns of transference and countertransference.
83.
[Object Relations]
What are essential and Healthy Narcissistic needs of a young infant?
Recognition and validation of their emotions and experiences.
Development of a sense of self and individuality.
Independence and autonomy in exploration and play.
Seeking admiration and adoration from others.
84.
[Object Relations]
What is mirroring, idealizing and Twinship Transference?
Mirroring transference involves projecting idealized qualities onto the therapist.
Idealizing transference is the unconscious desire to merge with the therapist and experience them as perfect.
Twinship transference is the identification with the therapist as a same or similar person.
Mirroring transference is the mirroring of the client's emotions and experiences by the therapist.
85.
[Object Relations]
What is experiencing near empathy and why is it important?
Experiencing near empathy is the ability to understand the client's emotions from a distance.
Experiencing near empathy is the therapist's personal experience that is similar to the client's emotions.
Experiencing near empathy is the ability to empathize with the client's emotions without fully merging with them.
Experiencing near empathy is the therapist's ability to predict the client's emotional responses.
86.
[Object Relations]
How is narcissism manifested in Kohut Theory?
Narcissism is manifested as a fear of abandonment and rejection.
Narcissism is manifested as an exaggerated sense of self-importance and entitlement.
Narcissism is manifested as a preoccupation with perfection and high achievement.
Narcissism is manifested as a tendency to idealize and devalue others.
87.
[Object Relations]
What is transmuting internalization?
Transmuting internalization refers to the process of integrating unconscious desires into conscious awareness.
Transmuting internalization refers to the process of internalizing positive experiences and transforming them into internal resources.
Transmuting internalization refers to the process of repressing and denying unwanted thoughts and emotions.
Transmuting internalization refers to the process of projecting one's own feelings onto others.
88.
[Defense Mechanism]
Ayesha quits school to ensure she doesn't have to speak in public. What defense mechanism is she using?
Denial
Avoidance
Sublimation
Passive-Aggression
89.
[Defense Mechanism]
While she wanted to be a doctor, Mahnoor didn't get accepted to medical school and became a pharmacist instead.
Acting out
compensation
Avoidance
Aim inhibition
90.
[Defense Mechanism]
Arsalan was abused as a child. He doesn't remember the abuse but now struggles to trust others and form relationships.
Displacement
Repression
Affiliation
Avoidance
91.
[Defense Mechanism]
Which defense mechanism did Freud believe to be a sign of maturity?
Repression
Displacement
Sublimation
Regression
92.
[Defense Mechanism]
Hudabia’s friends confront her about her excess drinking, but she thinks she doesn't have a problem. Hudabia is experiencing:
Compensation
Denial
Rationalization
Displacement
93.
[Defense Mechanism]
During his morning jog, Ubaid encounters a growling dog and fears the animal will bite her. Freud identified this as:
Reality anxiety
Moral anxiety
Neurotic anxiety
Libidinal anxiety
94.
[Defense Mechanism]
A man who cheats on his wife accuses her of being unfaithful. This is an example of:
Sublimation
Repression
Rationalization
Projection
95.
[Defense Mechanism]
Ahmed had an argument with his boss and yells at his kids when he gets home. Which defense mechanism is Ahmed displaying?
Denial
Rationalization
Displacement
Reaction formation
96.
[Defense Mechanism]
After being diagnosed with cancer, Farhan learns everything he can about his illness. His response is an example of:
Intellectualization
Regression
Sublimation
Rationalization
97.
[Defense Mechanism]
Anosh gets fired and blames his job loss on his co-workers. This is an example of which defense mechanism?
Displacement
Denial
Rationalization
Sublimation
98.
[Defense Mechanism]
According to Freud, the _______________operates according to the reality principle?
Id
Ego
Preconscious
Superego
99.
[Defense Mechanism]
According to the psychoanalytic approach, an attempt to integrate values learned from parents and society is called?
The id
Sublimation
The oral stage
The super ego
100.
[Defense Mechanism]
Which of the following is true of the oral psychosexual stage?
It begins at birth and continues for about one year
Pleasure centers on the mouth
Fixation may lead to excessive enjoyment of food or drink
All of the above are true
101.
[Defense Mechanism]
If you were to gluttonously eat an entire birthday cake, Freud would say that was caused by your?
Superego
Ego
Id
Unconscious thoughts
102.
[Defense Mechanism]
Which personality structure did Freud believe was responsible for creating defense mechanisms?
Superego
Ego
Id
Denial
103.
[Defense Mechanism]
Which of the following, from earliest to latest, is the correct ordering of the psychosexual stages of development?
Oral stage, latency period, anal stage, genital stage, phallic stage
Anal stage, oral stage, genital stage, phallic stage, latency period
Latency period, anal stage, oral stage, genital stage, phallic stage
Oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency period, genital stage
104.
[Defense Mechanism]
The Oedipus complex is thought to occur in which stage of psychosexual development?
Phallic
Oral
Genital
Anal
105.
[Defense Mechanism]
While out on her morning jog, Linda encounters a growling dog. Eisha fears that the dog may try to bite her. According to Freud, this type of anxiety is ____________
Moral Anxiety
Reality Anxiety
Neurotic Anxiety
Libidinal Anxiety
106.
[Defense Mechanism]
Which defense mechanism did Freud believe to be a sign of maturity?
Repression
Displacement
Sublimation
Regression
107.
[Defense Mechanism]
In Freud's theory, the part of the personality that helps the individual adapt to external reality by making compromises between the id, the superego, and the environment is the __________
Ego
Pleasure principle
Reality principle
Rationalization
108.
[Skill Module]
Explain the stages of Freud’s attempt to access repressed material
Free Association: Encouraging the client to express thoughts, feelings, and memories without censorship or judgment.
Dream Analysis: Exploring the symbolic meaning and latent content of dreams to uncover unconscious material.
Hypnosis: Inducing an altered state of consciousness to access repressed memories and experiences.
Cognitive Restructuring: Challenging and modifying negative thought patterns and beliefs to uncover repressed material.
109.
[Skill Module]
What is the analyst’s stance in Free association
Active Engagement: The analyst actively guides and directs the client's associations, providing interpretations and insights.
Passive Observance: The analyst maintains a passive and non-directive stance, allowing the client to freely express without interference.
Empathic Reflection: The analyst reflects and validates the client's feelings and experiences without imposing their own interpretations.
Authoritative Direction: The analyst provides clear instructions and prompts to guide the client's associations and uncover unconscious material.
110.
[Skill Module]
Explain how analysis of resistance and analysis of transference achieve Catharsis?
Analysis of Resistance: By exploring and understanding the client's defense mechanisms and unconscious conflicts, emotional blockages are released, leading to catharsis.
Analysis of Resistance: By challenging and confronting the client's resistance to therapy, repressed emotions are brought to the surface, resulting in cathartic release.
Analysis of Transference: By examining the client's projections and emotional reactions towards the therapist, unresolved feelings and past experiences are processed, leading to catharsis.
Analysis of Transference: By encouraging the client to express and re-experience intense emotions within the therapeutic relationship, repressed memories and emotions are purged, resulting in catharsis.
111.
[Skill Module]
Explain the components that make the quadrant of the mandala (Structure of Self)?
Core Self: Represents the authentic and true essence of an individual, embodying their unique values, beliefs, and identity.
Ideal Self: Encompasses the desired or ideal version of oneself, incorporating aspirations, goals, and societal expectations.
Shadow Self: Represents the unconscious and repressed aspects of an individual, including fears, insecurities, and negative traits.
Social Self: Reflects the individual's behavior and identity within the social context, influenced by societal norms and interactions.
112.
[Skill Module]
How the personal complex is detected Jungian Therapy?
Archetypal Patterns: Personal complexes are detected by analyzing the presence of recurring archetypal patterns and symbols in the individual's experiences and dreams.
Active Imagination: Through the technique of active imagination, the individual engages in dialogue with their unconscious, allowing the personal complexes to surface and be identified.
Word Association: The individual undergoes word association tests to elicit spontaneous responses, revealing underlying personal complexes.
Behavioral Observations: Trained therapists observe the individual's behaviors, emotional reactions, and interpersonal dynamics to detect signs of personal complexes.
113.
[Skill Module]
Name three main personal complexes?
Animus, Shadow, and Persona
Oedipus Complex, Electra Complex, and Inferiority Complex
Hero Complex, Mother Complex, and Power Complex
Collective Unconscious Complex, Self-Identity Complex, and Cultural Complex
114.
[Skill Module]
What is the Myers Briggs Test of personality?
A test designed to assess cognitive abilities and intelligence.
A test used to diagnose mental health disorders.
A test that measures the Big Five personality traits.
A test that assesses individual preferences in perceiving and making decisions.
115.
[Skill Module]
How active imagination does facilitate balancing conscious with unconscious?
By suppressing unconscious thoughts and focusing solely on conscious awareness.
By encouraging individuals to avoid exploring their unconscious through imagination.
By providing a creative outlet to express and explore unconscious material.
By relying solely on conscious rationality and dismissing unconscious influences.
116.
[Skill Module]
What are Pitfalls of Jungian Therapy?
Overemphasis on spiritual and mystical experiences, neglecting practical concerns.
Overreliance on medication as a primary treatment approach.
Lack of focus on personal growth and self-exploration.
Ignoring the collective unconscious and focusing solely on individual experiences.
117.
[Skill Module]
How does defense analysis work in therapy?
By reinforcing and supporting defensive mechanisms to cope with emotional challenges.
By encouraging the complete elimination of all defense mechanisms for emotional vulnerability.
By exploring and understanding the underlying psychological defenses used to protect against anxiety.
By ignoring defense mechanisms and focusing solely on conscious thoughts and behaviors.
118.
[Skill Module]
How has identity crises worked in Erikson Psychoanalysis?
By causing individuals to remain stuck in a state of identity confusion without resolution.
By promoting a rigid and fixed sense of identity without room for exploration.
By encouraging individuals to conform to societal expectations without questioning their identity.
By providing opportunities for individuals to explore and establish a coherent sense of self.
119.
[Skill Module]
Name the main components of Adlerian Therapy?
Dream analysis, hypnosis, and regression therapy.
Medication management, cognitive restructuring, and exposure therapy.
Birth order, lifestyle assessment, and encouragement of social interest.
Transference analysis, free association, and interpretation of unconscious conflicts.
120.
[Skill Module]
Explain working with birth order?
Birth order is not considered relevant in Adlerian therapy.
Birth order determines an individual's intelligence and abilities.
Birth order influences personality development and life choices.
Birth order has a direct impact on physical appearance.
121.
[Skill Module]
Explain working with family constellations?
Family constellations refer to the physical layout of the therapy room.
Family constellations involve exploring the role of family history and dynamics in therapy.
Family constellations focus on individual therapy without considering family dynamics.
Family constellations involve using art therapy techniques in the therapeutic process.
122.
[Skill Module]
Explain working with Basic Mistakes in Adlerian Therapy?
Identifying and correcting errors in the therapeutic process.
Exploring unconscious desires and conflicts in therapy.
Recognizing and challenging self-defeating patterns and beliefs.
Analyzing childhood experiences and their impact on adult functioning.
123.
[Skill Module]
Where does lifestyle in Adlerian Therapy emanates from?
Genetic factors and biological determinants.
Early childhood experiences and family dynamics.
Unconscious desires and repressed memories.
Social and cultural influences.
124.
[Skill Module]
How do we recognize and rectify a negative lifestyle and its ideas, lifestyle and life tasks?
Through dream analysis and interpretation.
By examining birth order and family constellation.
Through exploration of early memories and family dynamics.
By focusing on cultural and societal influences.
125.
[Skill Module]
Is striving for perfection synonymous with social interests?
Yes, striving for perfection and social interests are synonymous.
No, striving for perfection and social interests are distinct concepts.
Only in certain cases, striving for perfection may be synonymous with social interests.
It depends on individual perspectives and circumstances.
126.
[Skill Module]
Explain the paradox in Social Interest Theory?
Social interest is a fundamental human trait that is innate and unchangeable.
Social interest is solely determined by external factors and social circumstances.
Social interest can be both inherited and developed through conscious efforts.
Social interest is not a significant factor in individual well-being and personal growth.
127.
[Skill Module]
How is the movement from paranoid schizoid to depressive position a developmental stepping stone?
The movement signifies a regression in developmental progress.
The movement indicates the presence of a personality disorder.
The movement reflects the integration of positive and negative feelings.
The movement represents a pathological defense mechanism.
128.
[Level 5]
What is Integrative Therapy. How does it differs from Eclectic Therapy?
Integrative Therapy is an approach that combines multiple therapeutic modalities into a cohesive and unified framework.
Integrative Therapy focuses solely on one specific therapeutic modality for all clients.
Integrative Therapy emphasizes the use of medication in conjunction with therapy.
Integrative Therapy involves using random techniques without a clear theoretical foundation.
129.
[Level 5]
Explain the four stages in the evolution of Integrative Therapy?
Stage of Technical Eclecticism: In this stage, therapists borrow techniques from different theoretical orientations. Therapists integrate techniques without a clear theoretical framework. Therapists use techniques based on their intuition and client needs. Therapists are not concerned with theoretical consistency.
Stage of Theoretical Integration: Therapists attempt to integrate theories and create a coherent theoretical framework. Therapists seek common factors across different theoretical approaches. Therapists develop a conceptual model that guides their interventions. Therapists aim for theoretical consistency while incorporating diverse techniques.
Stage of Assimilative Integration: Therapists primarily adhere to one theoretical orientation but integrate techniques from other approaches. Therapists use additional techniques to supplement their main theoretical framework. Therapists maintain a clear theoretical foundation while incorporating selected techniques. Therapists consider client preferences and needs when integrating techniques.
Stage of Theoretical Synthesis: Therapists develop a new, comprehensive theory that incorporates elements from multiple theoretical orientations. Therapists create a unified framework that is more than the sum of its parts. Therapists emphasize integration at the theoretical, conceptual, and practical levels. Therapists aim for a seamless integration of diverse perspectives.
130.
[Level 5]
What does Lavinia Gomez mean by containment?
Providing a safe and nurturing therapeutic environment.
Holding and managing the client's intense emotions and anxieties.
Facilitating the client's exploration and expression of thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
All of the above
131.
[Level 5]
Which of the following is an example of switching from side by side to an opposite relational stance in Clarkson's theory?
A therapist initially supporting the client's desire for independence and self-reliance, but later becoming critical and controlling.
A therapist maintaining a consistent supportive and nurturing stance throughout the therapy process.
A therapist encouraging the client to explore and express their emotions, but later dismissing and invalidating their feelings.
A therapist consistently challenging and confronting the client's self-limiting beliefs and behaviors.
132.
[Level 5]
Which of the following best describes Martha Stark's concept of one-person psychology?
The traditional view of therapy where the focus is solely on the internal experiences and dynamics of the individual client.
A therapeutic approach that emphasizes the importance of the therapist's presence and subjective experience in the therapeutic process.
A collaborative therapeutic approach where the therapist and client work together as equal partners to explore and address psychological issues.
An integrative approach that combines various therapeutic techniques and theories to meet the unique needs of each individual client.
133.
[Level 5]
What is Martha Stark's concept of one-and-a-half-person psychology?
A therapeutic approach that emphasizes the importance of the therapist's presence and subjective experience in the therapeutic process.
A collaborative therapeutic approach where the therapist and client work together as equal partners to explore and address psychological issues.
A perspective that recognizes the influence of both individual and relational dynamics in therapy, with an emphasis on the therapist's role in co-creating the therapeutic relationship.
An integrative approach that combines various therapeutic techniques and theories to meet the unique needs of each individual client.
134.
[Level 5]
What is Martha Stark's concept of two-person psychology?
The traditional view of therapy where the focus is solely on the internal experiences and dynamics of the individual client.
A therapeutic approach that emphasizes the importance of the therapist's presence and subjective experience in the therapeutic process.
A collaborative therapeutic approach where the therapist and client work together as equal partners to explore and address psychological issues.
An integrative approach that combines various therapeutic techniques and theories to meet the unique needs of each individual client.
135.
[Level 5]
What is the difference between Habitual and induced Counter Transference?
Habitual countertransference refers to the therapist's unconscious reactions, while induced countertransference is intentionally provoked by the client.
Habitual countertransference arises from the therapist's personal history, while induced countertransference is a result of the therapeutic process.
Habitual countertransference is a common phenomenon in therapy, while induced countertransference occurs in specific situations.
Habitual countertransference is the therapist's emotional response, while induced countertransference refers to the client's influence on the therapist.
136.
[Level 5]
What are the five steps in Character Formation according to Steven Johnson and Wilhelm Reich?
Self-affirmation, Negative Environment Response, Organismic Reaction, Self-negation, Adjustment process
Empathy, Congruence, Unconditional Positive Regard, Respect, Therapeutic Presence
Repression, Denial, Projection, Rationalization, Displacement
Awareness, Spontaneity, Intimacy, Assertiveness, Script Awareness
137.
[Level 5]
Briefly explain Character Styles from Steven Johnson and Wilhelm Reich
According to Steven Johnson, character styles are primarily influenced by social and cultural factors, while Wilhelm Reich emphasizes the role of unconscious sexual and aggressive drives.
Steven Johnson focuses on the body-based manifestations of character styles, while Wilhelm Reich emphasizes the cognitive and emotional aspects.
Steven Johnson emphasizes the influence of childhood traumas and the formation of rigid defense mechanisms, while Wilhelm Reich focuses on the dynamics of energy flow and body armoring.
According to both Steven Johnson and Wilhelm Reich, character styles are mainly shaped by genetic predispositions and early childhood experiences.
138.
[Level 5]
In the context of psychological development, what is meant by "wounding" and "defenses against wounding"? Choose the most accurate statement:
Wounding refers to physical injuries that leave lasting scars, while defenses against wounding are protective measures taken to prevent further harm.
Wounding refers to emotional or psychological injuries caused by traumatic experiences, while defenses against wounding are unconscious strategies employed to protect oneself from experiencing further pain or vulnerability.
Wounding refers to cognitive distortions and irrational beliefs that lead to self-sabotaging behaviors, while defenses against wounding are conscious efforts to challenge and correct these distorted thoughts.
Wounding refers to conflicts and power struggles in interpersonal relationships, while defenses against wounding are communication techniques used to resolve these conflicts peacefully.
139.
[Level 5]
Explain the meaning of gathering the fragments?
Gathering and organizing external objects
Collecting scattered thoughts and ideas
Integrating fragmented aspects of one's psyche
Gathering information for research purposes
140.
[Level 5]
An enactment is:
A role-play between the therapist and client
The bond between the therapist and client
The emergence of Transference from wounding experiences
Interpretation of Transference by the analyst
141.
[Level 5]
What are the different kinds of charged elements?
Sympathetic and Empathetic
Euphoric and Dysphoric
Body-mind and relational
Active and reactive
142.
[Level 5]
Why does a client change from idealizing to Negative Transference?
Dislike of Therapist
Emerging Dissonance
The therapist negative behavior
Due to internal conflict or splitting within the client
143.
[Level 5]
Elaborate on three Level of Contact in terms of the use of Counter Transference?
It ensures the therapist stays good object
It gives space to the therapist to be avoidant
It ensures continuity of the working alliance
It ensures the therapist responds to the changing transference by altering countertransference
144.
[Level 5]
What is the difference Between Habitual Mode and Emergency Mode?
Habitual mode is where the client does not want to change, while Emergency Mode is the immediate desire to change the situation
Habitual Mode is about bad habits whereas Emergency Mode is about bad habits
Habitual Mode is taught by the family, Emergency Mode is self taught
Habitual Mode is being in Parent state while Emergency Mode is being in the Adult state
145.
[Level 5]
What is the Therapist Dilemma?
Therapist dilemma is being along side or opposite the client
Which side to choose Emergency Mode or Habitual Mode
Bringing their own wounding into the session or not
Which Ego State to operate from
146.
[Level 5]
What is the window of tolerance? How do we work with it?
Window of tolerance is where to work with the client so he is neither rigid/numb or overwhelmed
Window of tolerance is a path to learning emotional resilience
Window of tolerance is the place is where the therapist checks how much stress the client can endure
Window of tolerance is the place where the client's emotional and physical thresholds are assessed
147.
[Level 5]
Name the various objects that are employed in the Diamond Model?
Good Object, Indifferent Object and Bad Object
Idealized Object, Reviled Object (Projective Identification), Transformative Object
Loved and Hated object
The Habitual versus the Emergency Mode Object
Time's up
