DBCP – 2023 Final – Certification

Welcome to your DBCP - 2023 Final

Name

Phone

[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]

A method of classifying human needs and motivations into five categories in ascending order of importance: physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization is called

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

stages of change

reflection of feeling

self disclosure

[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]

How would you define when the therapist provides a summary of what the client says, focusing on and clarifying its meaning with the possibility of reducing miscommunication and shows the client that they are being heard.

Clarification

Termination

Confrontation

Summarization

[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]

Define when the therapist rephrases what client says, builds on it, blends the clients words with his/her understanding. When the therapist is essentially giving the client feedback and allows the client to further explore into their thoughts and feelings.

Encouraging

Reframing

Capping

Paraphrasing

[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]

What is the process called whereby the therapist attends to problems and feelings of the client with warmth and empathy?

Reflection

Termination

Active Listening

.Immediacy (hearing of the evidence, enabling discussion and challenging the evidence)

[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]

Clients have a right to be informed of

Their therapist qualification

The general goals of counseling

The approximate time of therapeutic process

All of the above

[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]

Any action from the therapist which encourages and promotes client to do disclosure (verbal and nonverbal). Where the client knows the therapist is actively listening by being interested and wishing to hear more.

True

False

[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]

One of the important Basic skills to promote greater client disclosure is done through open ended questions.

True

False

[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]

Paraphrasing is when the therapist restates what the client said. Often different words are used by the client and the therapist may be using this to draw attention to a particular concern or aspect. Sometimes paraphrasing is used to clarify.

True

False

[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]

One of the active listening skill i.e. "parroting" is valuable in making client feel important and relevant.

True

False

10.

[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]

A husband is angry with his wife because she forgot his birthday. Instead of telling her how he actually feels and why he is upset, he acts distant and moody. He keeps complaining and fighting over small petty things that seem unrelated to the actual reason of his being upset. This is an example of:

Aggressive behavior

Passive behavior

Passive aggressive behavior

Assertive behavior

11.

[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]

Mrs. Z is very overworked and that is affecting her mood at home. She finds it difficult to say no to her boss and often finds herself dealing with more work than is practically possible for her to finish in a single day. She is afraid of asking for a more manageable workload because she does not want to be seen as lazy, and is afraid that she might be fired. Mrs. Z has a problem managing her ________________.

boundaries

assertiveness script

emotions

energy levels

12.

[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]

Mr. X has been talking at length about his troubles with his wife and their lack of communication. He finds it hard to put his feelings into words as he remains confused about what is truly happening in the relationship. The therapist asks, “Did you feel angry when she came to see you?” What type of question is this?

closed question

open question

leading question

reflective question

13.

[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]

Sara, a 44-year-old woman with a young daughter, is suffering from depression. She claims that she never feels happy anymore and that she is always disappointed with her husband. She fears she will never feel good again as long as she lives. She says she has nothing to look forward to anymore. She reports she has always been a person who was not easily satisfied and that she is only praying her daughter won’t be like her. Sara’s language demonstrates that she has:

difficulty managing her boundaries

black and white thinking

difficulty owning her emotions

passive aggressive style of communication

14.

[BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS]

Sana, a 33-year-old woman, is extremely self-conscious and anxious. As she sits with you in her second session and complains about her mother and her husband she becomes quiet and then says “I know you think I’m crazy. When my husband gives me that look I also know he is thinking I’m crazy.” Sana is doing which one of the following:

daydreaming

sparring

derailing

mind reading

15.

[PERSON CENTERED]

What is organismic self?

The unconscious part of the psyche according to Sigmund Freud

The internal experience of an individual's true thoughts and feelings

The process of integrating unconscious desires into conscious awareness

The tendency to strive for self-actualization and personal growth

16.

[PERSON CENTERED]

What is self - structure and how does the self-structure form?

Self-structure refers to the stable organization of one's self-concept, and it forms through genetic factors.

Self-structure is the collection of one's core beliefs and values, and it forms through socialization and cultural influences.

Self-structure is the pattern of cognitive processes involved in self-perception, and it forms through early childhood experiences.

Self-structure is the manifestation of unconscious conflicts, and it forms through the resolution of the Oedipus complex.

17.

[PERSON CENTERED]

Give a personal example of negative conditions of worth and an external locus of evaluation?

Feeling unworthy and undeserving of love and acceptance unless achieving perfect grades in school.

Striving for personal happiness and fulfillment based on one's own internal standards and values.

Seeking validation and approval primarily from external sources such as peers or society.

Developing a strong sense of self-esteem and self-acceptance through positive self-talk and self-care practices.

18.

[PERSON CENTERED]

What is the actualizing tendency?

The innate drive within individuals to achieve self-actualization and fulfill their potential.

The belief that human behavior is primarily determined by external environmental factors.

The process of integrating unconscious desires into conscious awareness.

The tendency to conform to societal norms and expectations.

19.

[PERSON CENTERED]

How would you describe congruence and incongruence and their difference?

Congruence refers to the alignment between one's self-concept and their actual experiences, while incongruence is the state of discrepancy between them.

Congruence is the state of being in harmony with others, while incongruence is the tendency to resist change and cling to old patterns.

Congruence is the ability to adapt to different situations, while incongruence is the process of integrating conflicting thoughts and emotions.

Congruence is the tendency to conform to societal expectations, while incongruence is the manifestation of unconscious conflicts.

20.

[PERSON CENTERED]

What are the six conditions and why are they called necessary and sufficient? Which of these are the three core conditions?

The six conditions refer to the six fundamental principles of counseling, and they are called necessary and sufficient because they are essential for successful therapeutic outcomes. The three core conditions are empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence.

The six conditions represent the stages of human development, and they are called necessary and sufficient because they are required for optimal growth. The three core conditions are trust, autonomy, and competence.

The six conditions are specific techniques used in cognitive-behavioral therapy, and they are called necessary and sufficient because they address all aspects of the client's issues. The three core conditions are cognitive restructuring, exposure therapy, and behavior activation.

The six conditions are different counseling approaches, and they are called necessary and sufficient because each approach is individually effective. The three core conditions vary depending on the specific approach.

21.

[PERSON CENTERED]

What is self - valuing?

Self-valuing refers to the process of assigning worth and importance to oneself based on external validation and approval.

Self-valuing is the ability to recognize and appreciate one's own inherent worth and value as an individual.

Self-valuing is the act of comparing oneself to others in order to determine one's own self-worth.

Self-valuing is the tendency to prioritize the needs and desires of others over one's own.

22.

[PERSON CENTERED]

Describe what distortion/denial of an experience means?

Distortion/denial of an experience refers to the process of altering or misinterpreting one's perception of an event or situation in order to avoid discomfort or preserve self-image.

Distortion/denial of an experience is a defense mechanism that involves completely disregarding or blocking out the memory of a traumatic event.

Distortion/denial of an experience is the tendency to exaggerate or magnify the significance of a minor event or occurrence.

Distortion/denial of an experience is the act of projecting one's own negative emotions onto others to avoid taking responsibility for one's actions.

23.

[PERSON CENTERED]

Name a few things that a fully functioning person is able to do/ be:

A fully functioning person is able to: Suppress emotions and avoid vulnerability. Depend heavily on others for validation and decision-making. Reject personal growth and resist change. Prioritize material possessions over personal well-being.

A fully functioning person is able to: Embrace vulnerability and express emotions authentically. Rely on others for constant validation and decision-making. Resist personal growth and reject opportunities for change. Prioritize material possessions over personal well-being.

A fully functioning person is able to: Avoid vulnerability and suppress emotions. Depend solely on others for validation and decision-making. Embrace personal growth and pursue opportunities for change. Neglect personal well-being and prioritize material possessions.

A fully functioning person is able to: Suppress emotions and avoid vulnerability. Rely on others for constant validation and decision-making. Reject personal growth and resist change.

24.

[GESTALT THERAPY]

Fritz and Laura Perls developed the following theory:

Person Centered

Gestalt

Phenomenology

25.

[GESTALT THERAPY]

A contact boundary is where

The self is split and there is an internal boundary.

The self meets the environment

The self is in balance with the environment

26.

[GESTALT THERAPY]

Healthy functioning is when we

Are tuned in to the needs of ourselves and the environment

When we respond appropriately do the environment

Where we respond appropriately to the needs of self.

All of the above

27.

[GESTALT THERAPY]

Self-actualization is

What you really are—not other people’s image or expectation of you.

It is life lived as demanded by the current situation.

Showing appropriate identifications and alienations.

All of the above

28.

[GESTALT THERAPY]

What are the four characteristics of a dialogic relationship?

Inclusion, presence, confluence and genuine communication

Inclusion, presence, confirmation and genuine communication

Sensation, awareness, action and genuine communication

29.

[GESTALT THERAPY]

What is Phenomenological experiencing?

Phenomenological experiencing is a process of analyzing human behavior based on observable actions and responses.

Phenomenological experiencing refers to the study of unconscious motivations and desires that influence behavior.

Phenomenological experiencing involves exploring and understanding the subjective lived experiences and perspectives of individuals.

Phenomenological experiencing is a therapeutic technique that focuses on changing negative thought patterns and cognitive distortions.

30.

[GESTALT THERAPY]

Inclusion, Presence Confirmation and Genuine communication are characteristics of the _______________________________ within Gestalt therapy.

Therapeutic alliance

Contact boundary

Awareness continuum

Here-and-now experience

31.

[GESTALT THERAPY]

What is spontaneous figure ground formation?

Spontaneous figure-ground formation refers to the process of perceiving and organizing stimuli in the environment as separate figures against a background.

Spontaneous figure-ground formation is a technique used in art therapy to create abstract compositions without preconceived intentions.

Spontaneous figure-ground formation is a concept in Gestalt psychology that emphasizes the importance of the whole perceptual experience rather than isolated elements.

Spontaneous figure-ground formation is a characteristic of active listening in which the listener focuses on the speaker's main message while filtering out distractions.

32.

[GESTALT THERAPY]

What two tendencies cause poor figure ground formation?

The two tendencies that cause poor figure-ground formation are: Perceptual rigidity, which leads to difficulty in shifting attention between figure and ground. Cognitive overload, which overwhelms the individual's ability to process and differentiate stimuli.

The two tendencies that cause poor figure-ground formation are: Overemphasis on the background, which results in neglecting important figures. Lack of perceptual closure, making it challenging to distinguish figures from the background.

The two tendencies that cause poor figure-ground formation are: Excessive attention to details, which hinders the perception of the overall figure. Inability to differentiate foreground from background, leading to confusion in organizing visual information.

The two tendencies that cause poor figure-ground formation are: Lack of focus, causing difficulty in establishing a clear figure against the background. Inattentional blindness, where important figures are overlooked due to a narrowed focus.

33.

[GESTALT THERAPY]

What is free functioning and ill health in Gestalt terms?

Free functioning in Gestalt terms refers to a state of balanced and integrated self-regulation where individuals are able to adapt and respond to their environment with flexibility. Ill health, on the other hand, is characterized by disruptions or disturbances in this self-regulation, resulting in difficulties in functioning effectively.

Free functioning in Gestalt terms refers to the ability to conform to societal norms and expectations, maintaining a sense of stability and consistency. Ill health, in contrast, is defined as deviating from these norms and experiencing internal conflicts and instability.

Free functioning in Gestalt terms refers to the absence of physical ailments or illnesses that may hinder one's daily functioning. Ill health, conversely, refers to the presence of physical symptoms or diseases that impair overall well-being.

Free functioning in Gestalt terms refers to the state of complete independence and self-sufficiency, where individuals are not reliant on others for their well-being. Ill health, on the other hand, is characterized by dependency and the inability to function autonomously.

34.

[GESTALT THERAPY]

What is the cycle of formation and destruction with its phases and stages?

Withdrawal - Awareness - Energy Build-Up - Confluence

Contact - Action - Withdrawal - Completion

Confluence - Awareness - Contact - Energy Build-Up

Completion - Action - Withdrawal - Awareness

35.

[GESTALT THERAPY]

What is DIS-EASE in Gestalt?

Statis, resistance, rigidity and control, often with anxiety.

A disturbance in the flow of the cycle

A condition in which the person is not fully functional and experiencing themselves as whole and in good physiological and psychological contact with the environment.

All of the above

36.

[GESTALT THERAPY]

What is the contact boundary?

The contact boundary refers to the physical distance maintained between individuals during social interactions.

The contact boundary is a term used in physics to describe the interaction between two objects when they come into contact with each other.

The contact boundary is the perceptual and sensory interface between an individual and their environment, where they engage and interact with the world around them.

The contact boundary is a concept in economics that represents the point at which a business initiates communication or engages with potential customers.

37.

[GESTALT THERAPY]

What are contact boundary disturbances in terms of self and environment?

Contact boundary disturbances refer to disruptions in the connection between an individual's self-perception and their physical environment, resulting in a disoriented sense of personal identity.

Contact boundary disturbances occur when an individual has difficulty establishing healthy boundaries with others, leading to enmeshment or isolation in relationships.

Contact boundary disturbances involve difficulties in perceiving and responding appropriately to environmental cues, leading to challenges in effectively engaging and navigating one's surroundings.

Contact boundary disturbances occur when an individual experiences conflicts or incongruence between their internal thoughts, emotions, and external environmental demands.

38.

[GESTALT THERAPY]

When energy becomes blocked or ‘interrupted’ or an early need is left ‘unsatisfied’ it is explained as __________________

Ego depletion, where individuals lack the mental resources to fulfill their needs.

Emotional repression, where individuals suppress their emotions and desires.

Traumatic stress, where individuals experience the lingering effects of past negative experiences.

Psychic energy fixation, where individuals are fixated on unmet needs or unresolved issues.

39.

[GESTALT THERAPY]

Explain contact boundary disturbances in terms of yourself.

Difficulties in accurately perceiving and responding to environmental cues.

A fear of being engulfed or overwhelmed in relationships.

An excessive focus on meeting the needs of others at the expense of your own.

A disconnection from your authentic self and suppression of emotions, thoughts, and needs.

40.

[Transactional Analysis]

Tick the point that does not belong in the list of game features:

Games are repetitive.

Games are played in Adult awareness.

Games always end up with the players experiencing racket feelings.

Games entail an exchange of ulterior transactions between the players.

Games always include a moment of surprise or confusion.

41.

[Transactional Analysis]

What makes a third degree game different from a second degree game?

Third degree game uses ulterior transactions

Third degree games causes irreparable harm

Third degree game include a moment of surprise

42.

[Transactional Analysis]

From what position in the Drama Triangle can we not play games:

Rescuer

Persecutor

Leveller

Victim

43.

[Transactional Analysis]

One of the ways I can bust a game is by…

Deciding to play along with the person

Giving the other person many positive strokes at the beginning and negative strokes at the pay-off.

Noticing the psychological message at the beginning of the ulterior transaction and crossing that transaction

44.

[Transactional Analysis]

What are the three ingredients of Autonomy?

The three ingredients of autonomy are: Self-reflection, which involves introspection and examination of one's thoughts and beliefs. Self-determination, which is the ability to make choices and decisions based on personal values and preferences. Self-assertion, which involves expressing one's needs, desires, and boundaries in a respectful and assertive manner.

The three ingredients of autonomy are: Independence, which refers to the ability to function and make decisions without reliance on others. Self-efficacy, which is the belief in one's own capabilities and effectiveness. Individuality, which emphasizes the uniqueness and individual expression of one's thoughts and behaviors.

The three ingredients of autonomy are: Emotional intelligence, which involves the ability to recognize and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others. Flexibility, which refers to the adaptability and openness to change in different situations. Interpersonal skills, which involve effective communication, empathy, and building healthy relationships.

The three ingredients of autonomy are: Motivation, which is the internal drive and desire to achieve personal goals. Self-discipline, which involves self-control and the ability to regulate one's behavior and impulses. Resilience, which is the capacity to bounce back from setbacks and overcome challenges.

45.

[Transactional Analysis]

Define Ego States

Different aspects of an individual's personality that emerge in response to specific situations or stimuli.

The division of the psyche into conscious, unconscious, and preconscious levels.

The external influences and social conditioning that shape an individual's behavior and beliefs.

The cognitive processes involved in decision-making and problem-solving.

46.

[Transactional Analysis]

In recognizing what ego-state a person is in, you can observe a person’s behavior. What five clues will you be observing?

Mannerisms, Attire, Speech patterns, Interactions, Body language.

Thoughts, Emotions, Memories, Desires, Goals.

Childhood, Adolescence, Adulthood, Seniority, Gender.

Introversion, Extroversion, Sensing, Intuition, Judging.

47.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

According to his theory, the part of the psyche that provides moral judgment for behavior is

superego

ego

ego-ideal

48.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

The Oedipus Complex is the major conflict during what stage in his theory of psychosexual development?

oral

latent

genital

phallic

49.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

The id, ego, and superego are

located in the unconscious

three mental structures in the psyche

present at birth

the first three psychosexual stages of development

50.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

The genitals are the primary erogenous zones in which stage(s) of psychosexual theory of development?

latency

phallic

phallic and genital

latency, anal and genital

51.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

How did Freud describe the super-ego?

the agent of adaptation

an internalization of parental values

the primary process

the "engine"

52.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

A basic psychoanalytic belief is that

It is a key to understanding human behavior and to understand the unconscious.

That therapists should strive to understand the objective facts of a client's life.

That the here-and-now perspective is the most important in understanding a person

That a person’s psyche is static.

53.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

The twin cornerstones of psychoanalytic motivation are

sex and security

safety and security

hunger and sex

sex and aggression

54.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

The ego serves what principle?

pleasure

reality

moralistic

idealistic

55.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

Which regions of the mind have no direct contact with the external world

id and superego

id and ego

id only

ego and superego

56.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

The guilt a person experiences after violating personal standards of conduct is called

Realistic anxiety

Neurotic anxiety

Manifest anxiety

Moral anxiety

57.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

According to Freud, anxiety is felt by the

Ego

Superego

Conscience

58.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

To Freud, the most crucial stage of development is

Infancy

Latency

Genital

Maturity

59.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

What is the Freudian term for the fixed amount of mental energy?

Electra

Libido

Oedipus

Thanatos

60.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

In psychoanalysis, what are the three basic structures of personality?

Regression, repression and denial.

Id, ego and superego.

Oral, anal and phallic.

Dreams, thoughts and urges.

61.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

At around what age does the Superego develop?

2 years.

10 years.

5 years

Just after birth

62.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

During which approximate stage in life is the oral stage?

3 years to 5 years.

Birth to one year.

18 months to 3 years.

5 years to 12 years.

63.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

In Freud's theory, which structure of personality is the last to develop?

Superego

Id.

Ego.

Subconscious

64.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

Provide an example of moral anxiety, reality anxiety and neurotic anxiety.

Moral anxiety: Feeling guilty and conflicted after acting against personal moral values, such as cheating on a test. Reality anxiety: Experiencing fear and worry before a job interview or an important exam. Neurotic anxiety: Feeling intense distress and panic when confronted with situations or objects associated with a specific phobia, such as spiders or heights.

Moral anxiety: Feeling anxious about making a decision between two equally attractive options. Reality anxiety: Experiencing a sense of unease when perceiving a threat to physical safety. Neurotic anxiety: Feeling overwhelmed by existential questions and the meaning of life.

Moral anxiety: Feeling nervous before a public speaking engagement. Reality anxiety: Experiencing guilt and regret for past actions. Neurotic anxiety: Feeling overwhelmed by excessive worries and irrational fears.

Moral anxiety: Feeling anxious about breaking social norms and expectations. Reality anxiety: Experiencing fear and apprehension when encountering a dangerous situation. Neurotic anxiety: Feeling distressed and fearful of abandonment in interpersonal relationships.

65.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

What are the sources of Annihilation anxiety

Fear of failure and disappointment.

Existential concerns about the meaninglessness of life.

Threats to physical safety and well-being.

Traumatic experiences and past traumas.

66.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

What are the sources of Abandonment anxiety?

Rejection by loved ones and social exclusion.

Fear of being alone and unsupported.

Traumatic experiences involving abandonment or loss.

Existential concerns about the impermanence of relationships.

67.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

What are the sources of Castration anxiety?

Fear of physical harm or injury.

Sexual performance anxiety and fear of inadequacy.

Fear of losing one's power, authority, or masculinity.

Traumatic experiences related to emasculation or humiliation.

68.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

Adler had an intense rivalry with:

His mother

His father

An older brother named Sigmund

An older sister named Anna

Sigmund Freud

69.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

Individual psychology can be considered to be:

Deterministic

Optimistic

Pessimistic

Neo-Freudian

Both b and d

70.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

To Adler, the one dynamic force behind a person's behavior is:

The striving for success or superiority

Organ inferiorities

Organ dialect

Feelings of superiority

71.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

According to Adler, a person's final goal is:

set at about age 18

a creation of the creative power

largely known to the person

shaped by heredity and environment

72.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

Adler insisted that personality is shaped by:

subjective perceptions

birth order

early childhood experiences.

Organ inferiorities

73.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

Alder believed that organ inferiorities:

cause superiority personalities

cause inferiority personalities

bestow meaning and purpose on all behavior

stimulate feelings of inferiority

74.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

Gemeinschaftsgefühl is usually translated as:

Style of life

fictional finalism.

Social interest

organ inferiority.

75.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

A person present behavior is shaped by:

Heredity

Early childhood experiences.

Their (unconscious) view of the future

Current circumstances

76.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

A person's style of life becomes fairly well established at about what age?

6 to 12 months

4 to 5 years

8 to 9 years

15 to 18 years

77.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

Adler held that people are continually pushed by the need to overcome inferiority feelings and pulled by the desire for:

Love

Social interest

Unity with all humanity

Completion

78.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

To Adler, the core of maladjustment is:

innate physical deficiencies

Underdeveloped social interest

a pampered style of life

a neglected style of life

79.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

Early recollections are:

easily verified by talking to parents or older siblings

key to understanding one's style of life

usually unpleasant and traumatic

the cause of one's style of life

80.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

Adler believed that the goals of a neurotic:

are exaggerated and unrealistic

are compensations for organ inferiorities

both a and b

neither a or b

81.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

Adlerian safeguarding tendencies are:

aggression, regression and repression

aggression, projection and withdrawal

sublimation, withdrawal and excuses

aggression, excuses and withdrawal

82.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

Safeguarding tendencies protect exaggerated feelings of superiority against:

Anxiety

Guilt

Public disgrace

An uncontrollable id

83.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

Compared with Freud, Adler:

had a more positive view toward women

placed more emphasis on aggression

relied more on dream interpretation during psychotherapy

was more likely to use hypnosis to treat patients

84.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

Style of life is most reliably revealed by:

the word association test

Hypnosis

dream interpretation

early recollection

85.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

According to Adler, human personality is:

the result of the interaction of heredity and environment

determined by people's experiences with frustration and conflict

shaped by people's interpretations of experiences

motivated by a complexity and multiplicity of drives and needs

86.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

The ultimate goal of Adlerian therapy is to:

reduce needless anxiety

increase self-reliance

increase social interest

decrease safeguarding tendencies

87.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

Research suggests that early recollections:

may change during the course of psychotherapy

are not consistent with scores on current personality inventories

have little or no usefulness to the clinician

tend to remain unchanged while personality changes

88.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

What is the reason that a therapist would use an early recollection?

To gain insight into a client's current thought patterns and beliefs.

To explore past traumas and unresolved childhood issues.

To assess the client's cognitive abilities and memory recall.

To validate the client's experiences and provide emotional support.

89.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

What other tools does a therapist have to assess a client? Name a few components of that assessment tool?

Psychological assessments: Components may include personality inventories, symptom checklists, and cognitive tests.

Clinical interviews: Components may include gathering personal history, exploring current concerns, and assessing mental health symptoms.

Observation: Components may include observing client behavior, interactions, and emotional expressions in therapy sessions.

Self-report measures: Components may include questionnaires or scales to assess specific constructs like anxiety, depression, or interpersonal relationships.

90.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

Name and describe 3 techniques of Adler. Also describe what the aim of that technique is.

Technique: Lifestyle Assessment Aim: To gain insight into how an individual's early experiences and current perceptions shape their approach to life.

Technique: Encouragement Aim: To enhance the client's self-esteem and confidence by providing validation and support.

Technique: Dream Analysis Aim: To explore the symbolism and underlying meaning of dreams as a reflection of the client's goals and unconscious desires.

Technique: Behavior Modification Aim: To promote behavioral change by implementing rewards and consequences to reinforce desired behaviors.

91.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

In Adlerian therapy, what would be the focus of the therapist?

Exploring unconscious conflicts and childhood traumas.

Analyzing the client's past experiences and family dynamics.

Identifying and challenging irrational thoughts and beliefs.

Understanding the client's current goals, lifestyle, and social context.

92.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

Mahler placed the mother-child relationship in a developmental context. She talks about several phases of maturation and development. Mention the three phases and what they are:

Phase: Symbiotic Phase Description: In this phase, the infant and mother are perceived as a unified entity, with a lack of differentiation between the two. The infant relies heavily on the mother for comfort, security, and meeting basic needs.

Phase: Separation-Individuation Phase Description: During this phase, the infant begins to develop a sense of individuality and separateness from the mother. The infant explores the environment, develops a sense of self, and establishes a sense of autonomy.

Phase: Object Constancy Phase Description: In this phase, the child develops a stable and consistent internal representation of the mother as a separate individual. The child recognizes that the mother continues to exist even when she is not physically present. This phase supports the development of secure attachments and healthy relationships.

93.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

The third phase is divided into four other phases and takes place when a child is between 5/6 months and 3 to 4 years. What are some characteristics of the Rapprochement phase?

Child is fully independent and does not need the mother. Child is mobile and linguistically developed.

The child’s language skills develop rapidly and the child uses these skills in all relations. Although the child is more independent, it still needs the mother’s help and presence.

The child has a fully inner stable representation of the mother, language is fully developed and the child needs the mother very rarely.

94.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

What Is Hatching in Mahler's theroy?

The process of the child developing a stable and consistent internal representation of the mother.

The phase in which the child begins to explore the environment and develop a sense of self.

The process of the child becoming more independent and separate from the mother.

The transition from the symbiotic phase to the separation-individuation phase in the mother-child relationship.

95.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

Libidinal Object Constancy is the last phase and takes place between 30 months and 40 months. When this constancy is not developed, it means in adult life that:

Others are seen as punitive and rejecting or unrealistically gratifying.

The adult is able to have healthy and stable relationships as the child has developed a strong autonomous self as compensation.

The adult is able to overcome challenges in relationships easily as it has developed a strong sense of self.

96.

[Freudian Psychoanalysis, Object Relations, Ego Psychology, Self Psychology]

Explain the difference between Separation and Individuation in Mahler’s theory?

Separation: The process of the child developing a distinct and separate sense of self. Individuation: The physical and emotional detachment from the mother or primary caregiver.

Separation: The physical and emotional detachment from the mother or primary caregiver. Individuation: The process of the child developing a distinct and separate sense of self.

Separation: The process of the child exploring and engaging with the surrounding environment. Individuation: The development of a unique and separate identity from the mother or primary caregiver.

Separation: The development of a unique and separate identity from the mother or primary caregiver. Individuation: The process of the child exploring and engaging with the surrounding environment.

97.

[Object Relations]

Klein’s main work and research was with:

Adolescents

Children

Adults

Older people

98.

[Object Relations]

According to Klein, children focused their energy on:

Controlling libidinal impulses

Overcoming inferiority complexes

Constructing their interpersonal world

99.

[Object Relations]

What is the most important relationship in a child’s life?

Paternal relationship

Maternal Relationship

Sibling Relationship

100.

[Object Relations]

Explain the concept of Splitting in Klein

Splitting refers to the integration of conflicting aspects or qualities into a unified whole.

Splitting involves perceiving things as having both positive and negative attributes simultaneously.

Splitting is the defense mechanism of dividing experiences, objects, or feelings into extreme opposites.

Splitting is the process of recognizing and accepting the ambivalence or complexity that exists in reality.

101.

[Object Relations]

What other Defense Mechanisms does the ego employ outside of splitting in Klein?

Repression

Regression

Projection

Suppression

102.

[Object Relations]

Describe the Paranoid-Schizoid position.

A developmental stage characterized by a fear of being abandoned and a tendency to split objects into extreme good and bad categories.

A defense mechanism involving the projection of one's own unacceptable thoughts and feelings onto others.

The unconscious blocking or pushing away of distressing thoughts, feelings, or memories from conscious awareness.

A process of attributing overly positive qualities or attributes to oneself, others, or objects.

103.

[Object Relations]

Why is the depressive position an important developmental milestone?

The depressive position signifies the integration of positive and negative aspects of oneself and others, leading to more realistic internal representations of relationships.

The depressive position involves the projection of unacceptable thoughts and feelings onto others as a defense mechanism.

The depressive position reflects the unconscious blocking or pushing away of distressing thoughts, feelings, or memories from conscious awareness.

The depressive position is a process of attributing overly positive qualities or attributes to oneself, others, or objects.

104.

[Object Relations]

Why is over gratification in a growing infant called unsatisfactory mothering?

Over-gratification denies the infant the opportunity to experience frustration and learn to tolerate delayed gratification.

Over-gratification leads to unrealistic expectations and difficulties in forming healthy relationships.

Over-gratification fosters excessive dependency and impairs the development of autonomy.

Over-gratification hinders emotional development and limits the ability to navigate a range of emotions.

105.

[Object Relations]

Why does the baby become clingy with the fluffy toy?

The fluffy toy provides physical warmth and protection.

The baby sees the fluffy toy as a source of entertainment.

The baby is practicing its motor skills with the fluffy toy.

The fluffy toy serves as a transitional object for comfort and security.

106.

[Object Relations]

What is the difference between healthy and unhealthy False-Self?

A healthy False-Self allows for authentic self-expression.

A healthy False-Self is adaptable and flexible.

An unhealthy False-Self is rigid and lacks authenticity.

An unhealthy False-Self promotes self-acceptance and self-esteem.

107.

[Object Relations]

What is the Tripartite Configuration?

The division of the mind into three parts: conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.

The division of the psyche into id, ego, and superego.

The formation of the False-Self, True-Self, and Transitional Object.

The interaction between the therapist, client, and the therapeutic relationship.

108.

[Object Relations]

How does introjection and identification differ from ego identity?

Introjection and identification refer to the incorporation of external objects, while ego identity refers to a sense of self and self-awareness.

Introjection and identification are unconscious processes, while ego identity is a conscious sense of self.

Introjection and identification are related to the development of object relations, while ego identity is related to the development of a cohesive self-concept.

Introjection and identification involve assimilating aspects of others into oneself, while ego identity involves the integration and differentiation of various aspects of the self.

109.

[Object Relations]

What is the purpose of inviting negative transference?

To reinforce negative patterns and dynamics in the therapeutic relationship.

To challenge and explore unconscious conflicts and unresolved issues.

To avoid addressing difficult emotions and maintain a superficial therapeutic process.

To promote positive transference and enhance the therapeutic alliance.

110.

[Object Relations]

Name all Borderline Defenses?

Repression, denial, and rationalization.

Splitting, projective identification, and acting out.

Sublimation, displacement, and intellectualization.

Introjection, identification, and regression.

111.

[Object Relations]

What is the goal of Transference Focused Therapy?

To explore early childhood experiences and resolve unconscious conflicts.

To develop insight into maladaptive patterns of thinking and behavior.

To improve interpersonal functioning and enhance relationships.

To identify and modify dysfunctional patterns of transference and countertransference.

112.

[Object Relations]

What are essential and Healthy Narcissistic needs of a young infant?

Recognition and validation of their emotions and experiences.

Development of a sense of self and individuality.

Independence and autonomy in exploration and play.

Seeking admiration and adoration from others.

113.

[Object Relations]

What is mirroring, idealizing and Twinship Transference?

Mirroring transference involves projecting idealized qualities onto the therapist.

Idealizing transference is the unconscious desire to merge with the therapist and experience them as perfect.

Twinship transference is the identification with the therapist as a same or similar person.

Mirroring transference is the mirroring of the client's emotions and experiences by the therapist.

114.

[Object Relations]

What is experiencing near empathy and why is it important?

Experiencing near empathy is the ability to understand the client's emotions from a distance.

Experiencing near empathy is the therapist's personal experience that is similar to the client's emotions.

Experiencing near empathy is the ability to empathize with the client's emotions without fully merging with them.

Experiencing near empathy is the therapist's ability to predict the client's emotional responses.

115.

[Object Relations]

How is narcissism manifested in Kohut Theory?

Narcissism is manifested as a fear of abandonment and rejection.

Narcissism is manifested as an exaggerated sense of self-importance and entitlement.

Narcissism is manifested as a preoccupation with perfection and high achievement.

Narcissism is manifested as a tendency to idealize and devalue others.

116.

[Object Relations]

What is transmuting internalization?

Transmuting internalization refers to the process of integrating unconscious desires into conscious awareness.

Transmuting internalization refers to the process of internalizing positive experiences and transforming them into internal resources.

Transmuting internalization refers to the process of repressing and denying unwanted thoughts and emotions.

Transmuting internalization refers to the process of projecting one's own feelings onto others.

117.

[Object Relations]

What statement is correct and is at the heart of Fairbairn’s theory?

The goal of human beings is to satisfy bodily pleasure or to reduce erogenous tensions.

The goal of human beings is to take care of the tensions between Id and Superego so that enough energy is freed for the adaptive function of the ego.

The goal of human beings is to establish meaningful relationships with other human beings.

118.

[Object Relations]

Fairbairn talks about the importance of Dependency in the mother/ child relationship. What are the 3 Dependency stages that he talks about?

Whole object dependency- partial object dependency- bad object dependency

Early infantile dependency- transitional period-Mature dependence

Early infantile dependency- transitional period-good object dependency

119.

[Object Relations]

What is the reason for splitting in Fairbairn’s theory?

Splitting is a defense mechanism that helps protect the individual from overwhelming anxiety.

Splitting occurs due to unresolved conflicts during the oral stage of development.

Splitting is a result of ego deficiencies and weak self-esteem.

Splitting is a sign of maladaptive object relations and impaired attachment.

120.

[Object Relations]

There are 3 internal objects in the child’s inner representational world. Please name each one and add a short description.

Good object, bad object, and idealized object.

Mother object, father object, and sibling object.

Introjected object, projected object, and integrated object.

Pleasure object, reality object, and defense object.

121.

[Object Relations]

What does the child do with the two ‘bad’ ego states (infantile libidinal ego and anti-libidinal ego) and how does this affect the child?

The child projects these ‘bad’ ego states and thus only keeps the ‘good’ ego state.

The child represses these ego states and large parts of the self are cut off from consciousness. The child will become frustrated with low self-esteem.

The child will try to revert the split by projecting the bad ego states, using projective identification.

122.

[Object Relations]

Write down 2 major differences between Klein’s and Fairbairn’s theory?

Klein emphasizes the importance of object relations, while Fairbairn focuses on the structure of the psyche.

Klein's theory emphasizes the role of unconscious fantasy, while Fairbairn's theory focuses on conscious experience.

Klein emphasizes the role of early childhood experiences, while Fairbairn focuses on the influence of adult relationships.

Klein's theory emphasizes the development of the ego, while Fairbairn focuses on the development of the self.

123.

[Object Relations]

Which statement correctly describes the term “self-object” in object relations theory?

An internal image; conscious and unconscious mental representation of oneself.

A loss of boundaries, where what is self and object are blurred and the distinction between self and external object is not clear.

A person’s inner representation of himself or herself as experienced in relation to significant others.

124.

[Object Relations]

What is the difference between a part object and whole object in object relations theory?

Part Object: Perceiving only specific aspects or functions of another person or object, while... Whole Object: Recognizing the complete person or object with all their attributes and qualities.

Part Object: Referring to perceiving others as unified entities with a range of attributes and complexities, while... Whole Object: Relating to fragmented views of others, focusing on isolated qualities or functions.

Part Object: Recognizing the complete person or object with all their attributes and qualities, while... Whole Object: Perceiving only specific aspects or functions of another person or object.

Part Object: Relating to fragmented views of others, focusing on isolated qualities or functions, while... Whole Object: Referring to perceiving others as unified entities with a range of attributes and complexities.

125.

[Object Relations]

In order to control the good breast and to fight off its persecutors, infants use

Their id

The paranoid-schizoid position

The depressive position

126.

[Object Relations]

Klein believed that the feeling of anxiety about losing a loved object and a sense of guilt for desiring to destroy that object were part of

The paranoid-schizoid position

The depressive position

Moralistic anxiety

127.

[Object Relations]

Klein’s psychic defense mechanisms

Protect the child against public disgrace.

Protect the ego against anxiety aroused by destructive fantasies.

Prevent unconscious fantasies from reaching consciousness.

128.

[Object Relations]

According to Klein, why is the depressive position an important developmental milestone?

The depressive position allows for the integration of both positive and negative feelings towards the same object, leading to a more realistic understanding of relationships.

The depressive position involves the development of empathy and concern for others, fostering a deeper sense of responsibility and care.

The depressive position marks the emergence of symbolic thinking and representation, enabling the exploration of complex emotional experiences.

The depressive position signifies the establishment of object constancy, providing a foundation for stable relationships and security.

129.

[Object Relations]

What statement is correct and is at the heart of Fairbairn’s theory?

The goal of human beings is to satisfy bodily pleasure or to reduce erogenous tensions.

The goal of human beings is to take care of the tensions between Id and Superego so that enough energy is freed for the adaptive function of the ego.

The goal of human beings is to establish meaningful relationships with other human beings.

130.

[Object Relations]

Fairbairn talks about the importance of Dependency in the mother/ child relationship. What are the 3 Dependency stages that he talks about?

Whole object dependency- partial object dependency- bad object dependency.

Early infantile dependency- transitional period-Mature dependence.

Early infantile dependency- transitional period-good object dependency.

131.

[Object Relations]

What is the reason for splitting in Fairbairn’s theory?

Splitting arises as a defense mechanism to maintain a sense of internal coherence and minimize ambivalence towards the caregiver.

Splitting occurs as a result of unresolved early traumatic experiences with primary caregivers.

Splitting helps in the formation of integrated and realistic relationships by separating positive and negative aspects of individuals.

Splitting serves as a temporary solution to disown negative aspects of the caregiver and maintain an idealized image.

132.

[Object Relations]

What does the child do with the two ‘bad’ ego states (infantile libidinal ego and anti-libidinal ego) and how does this affect the child?

The child projects these ‘bad’ ego states and thus only keeps the ‘good’ ego state.

The child represses these ego states and large parts of the self are cut off from consciousness. The child will become frustrated with low self-esteem.

The child will try to revert the split by projecting the bad ego states, using projective identification.

133.

[Object Relations]

Mahler placed the mother-child relationship in a developmental context. Which of the following options best describes Mahler's view?

The mother-child relationship has no impact on child development.

The mother-child relationship is solely determined by genetic factors.

The mother-child relationship plays a crucial role in child development.

The mother-child relationship becomes important only during adolescence.

134.

[Defense Mechanism]

Ayesha quits school to ensure she doesn't have to speak in public. What defense mechanism is she using?

Denial

Avoidance

Sublimation

Passive-Aggression

135.

[Defense Mechanism]

While she wanted to be a doctor, Mahnoor didn't get accepted to medical school and became a pharmacist instead.

Acting out

compensation

Avoidance

Aim inhibition

136.

[Defense Mechanism]

Arsalan was abused as a child. He doesn't remember the abuse but now struggles to trust others and form relationships.

Displacement

Repression

Affiliation

Avoidance

137.

[Defense Mechanism]

Which defense mechanism did Freud believe to be a sign of maturity?

Repression

Displacement

Sublimation

Regression

138.

[Defense Mechanism]

Hudabia’s friends confront her about her excess drinking, but she thinks she doesn't have a problem. Hudabia is experiencing:

Compensation

Denial

Rationalization

Displacement

139.

[Defense Mechanism]

During his morning jog, Ubaid encounters a growling dog and fears the animal will bite her. Freud identified this as:

Reality anxiety

Moral anxiety

Neurotic anxiety

Libidinal anxiety

140.

[Defense Mechanism]

A man who cheats on his wife accuses her of being unfaithful. This is an example of:

Sublimation

Repression

Rationalization

Projection

141.

[Defense Mechanism]

Ahmed had an argument with his boss and yells at his kids when he gets home. Which defense mechanism is Ahmed displaying?

Denial

Rationalization

Displacement

Reaction formation

142.

[Defense Mechanism]

After being diagnosed with cancer, Farhan learns everything he can about his illness. His response is an example of:

Intellectualization

Regression

Sublimation

Rationalization

143.

[Defense Mechanism]

Anosh gets fired and blames his job loss on his co-workers. This is an example of which defense mechanism?

Displacement

Denial

Rationalization

Sublimation

144.

[Defense Mechanism]

According to Freud, the _______________operates according to the reality principle?

Ego

Preconscious

Superego

145.

[Defense Mechanism]

According to the psychoanalytic approach, an attempt to integrate values learned from parents and society is called?

The id

Sublimation

The oral stage

The super ego

146.

[Defense Mechanism]

Which of the following is true of the oral psychosexual stage?

It begins at birth and continues for about one year

Pleasure centers on the mouth

Fixation may lead to excessive enjoyment of food or drink

All of the above are true

147.

[Defense Mechanism]

If you were to gluttonously eat an entire birthday cake, Freud would say that was caused by your?

Superego

Ego

Unconscious thoughts

148.

[Defense Mechanism]

Which personality structure did Freud believe was responsible for creating defense mechanisms?

Superego

Ego

Denial

149.

[Defense Mechanism]

Which of the following, from earliest to latest, is the correct ordering of the psychosexual stages of development?

Oral stage, latency period, anal stage, genital stage, phallic stage

Anal stage, oral stage, genital stage, phallic stage, latency period

Latency period, anal stage, oral stage, genital stage, phallic stage

Oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency period, genital stage

150.

[Defense Mechanism]

The Oedipus complex is thought to occur in which stage of psychosexual development?

Phallic

Oral

Genital

Anal

151.

[Defense Mechanism]

While out on her morning jog, Linda encounters a growling dog. Eisha fears that the dog may try to bite her. According to Freud, this type of anxiety is ____________

Moral Anxiety

Reality Anxiety

Neurotic Anxiety

Libidinal Anxiety

152.

[Defense Mechanism]

Which defense mechanism did Freud believe to be a sign of maturity?

Repression

Displacement

Sublimation

Regression

153.

[Defense Mechanism]

In Freud's theory, the part of the personality that helps the individual adapt to external reality by making compromises between the id, the superego, and the environment is the __________

Ego

Pleasure principle

Reality principle

Rationalization

154.

[Defense Mechanism]

The process by which the ego directs the individual to express sexual and aggressive impulses in socially acceptable ways is _____________

Repression

Pleasure principle

Reality principle

Rationalization

155.

[Defense Mechanism]

According to Freud, the ________ mind includes accessible memories, which can be recalled at will.

Conscious

Preconscious

Unconscious

Psychic determinism

156.

[Defense Mechanism]

According to Freud, a process that distorts reality to prevent the individual from being overwhelmed by anxiety is known as ________

Defense mechanism

Projection

Psychic determinism

The unconscious

157.

[Defense Mechanism]

In psychoanalytic theory, ______ is the defense mechanism that involves expressing feelings toward a person who is less threatening than the person who is the true target?

Regression

Rationalization

Projection

Displacement

158.

[Defense Mechanism]

The defense mechanism known as ________ involves attributing one's own undesirable feelings to other people.

Regression

Rationalization

Projection

Displacement

159.

[Defense Mechanism]

According to Freud, ________ is the defense mechanism that involves reverting to immature behaviors that have relieved anxiety in the past.

Regression

Rationalization

Projection

Displacement

160.

[Defense Mechanism]

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, the stage between age five and puberty, during which there is little psychosexual development is the ________

Oral stage

Anal stage

Phallic stage

Latent stage

161.

[Defense Mechanism]

Hartmann believed that psychoanalysis facilitated an individual’s ______________ to his environment.

Adaptation

Modification

Adoption

Absorption

162.

[Defense Mechanism]

A person with a less conflicted ego is able to

Passively react to their environment

Respond actively to shape their environment

Respond in a less confused manner

Understand what is best for their future

163.

[Defense Mechanism]

Memoona, a preschooler, insists on dressing herself each morning for school, even though she generally selects mismatching outfits, misses buttons, and wears her shoes on the wrong feet. When her mother tries to dress Memoona or fix her outfit, Memoona brushes her mother off and insists on doing it herself. What stage of psychosocial development best describes Memoona’s behavior?

Trust vs. Mistrust

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Initiative vs. Guilt

Industry vs. Inferiority

164.

[Defense Mechanism]

The central theme of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial stages was the development of:

Personality

Psychosocial conflict

Social status

Ego identity

165.

[Defense Mechanism]

At each stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, people experience a _________ that serves as a turning point.

Epiphany

Conflict

Paradigm shift

Turmoil

166.

[Defense Mechanism]

The stage that occurs between birth and one year of age is concerned with:

Trust vs. Mistrust

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Initiative vs. Guilt

Identity vs. Role Confusion

167.

[Defense Mechanism]

The crisis that arises in young adulthood is concerned with:

Trust vs. Mistrust

Industry vs. Inferiority

Integrity vs. Despair

Intimacy vs. Isolation

168.

[Defense Mechanism]

Erikson’s interest in identity developed as a result of:

Discovering his parents had lied to him about his parentage

His early wandering throughout Europe

Studies of displaced social groups in the United States

All of the above

169.

[Defense Mechanism]

Eight-year old Sattar has a difficult time making friends at school. He has trouble completing his schoolwork accurately and on time, and as a result, receives little positive feedback from his teacher and parents. According to Erikson’s theory, failure at this stage of development results in _____________

Feelings of inferiority

A sense of guilt

A poor sense of self

Mistrust

170.

[Defense Mechanism]

The central conflict in the eighth stage of Erikson’s theory focuses on integrity vs. despair and involves reflecting back on your life. Those who are unsuccessful at resolving this conflict will look back with regret, anger, and bitterness. Those who are successful will feel a sense of satisfaction with the life they have lived. According to Erikson, those who are successful in this stage emerge with ______________

Hope

Fidelity

Purpose

Wisdom

171.

[Defense Mechanism]

The Stage during which middle aged adults develop a concern with establishing, guiding, and influencing the next generation is _______________

Initiative vs. Guilt

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Integrity vs. Despair

Intimacy vs. Isolation

172.

[Defense Mechanism]

List the Adaptive Ego Functions

Reality Testing: Refers to the ability to perceive and evaluate external reality accurately.

Executive Functioning: Involves decision-making, problem-solving, and goal-directed behavior.

Impulse Control: Ability to regulate and manage impulsive urges and behaviors.

Emotional Regulation: Involves the ability to manage and regulate emotions effectively.

173.

[Defense Mechanism]

What is the difference between neutralizing and adaptive function of the Ego.

Neutralizing Function: Involves the ego's ability to counteract anxiety by employing defense mechanisms that temporarily alleviate distress.

Adaptive Function: Refers to the ego's capacity to navigate and interact effectively with the external environment, adapt to challenges, and achieve realistic goals.

Neutralizing Function: Refers to the ego's ability to adapt and adjust to changing circumstances and maintain a sense of equilibrium.

Adaptive Function: Involves the ego's ability to neutralize harmful impulses and urges, promoting healthy psychological functioning.

174.

[Defense Mechanism]

What is Ego Syntonic and Ego Dystonic?

Ego Syntonic/Dystonic: Refers to thoughts, behaviors, and feelings that are in harmony/conflict with one's self-image and values.

Ego Syntonic/Dystonic: Describes a state of psychological distress and discomfort/alignment with societal norms and expectations.

Ego Syntonic/Dystonic: Represents a sense of congruence/incongruence between one's thoughts, behaviors, and values.

Ego Syntonic/Dystonic: Reflects thoughts, behaviors, and feelings that are in accordance/contradiction with societal expectations and standards.

175.

[Defense Mechanism]

Name four Adaptive Functions of Ego?

Reality Testing: Involves the ability to perceive and respond to the external world accurately and effectively.

Problem Solving: Refers to the capacity to analyze situations, generate solutions, and make appropriate decisions.

Emotional Regulation: Describes the ability to manage and regulate emotions in a balanced and adaptive manner.

Defense Mechanisms: Represents the use of unconscious psychological strategies to cope with anxiety and protect the ego.

176.

[Defense Mechanism]

What is Alloplastic and Autoplastic?

Alloplastic/ Autoplastic: Refers to an individual's ability to adapt and modify external circumstances/internal attitudes and beliefs.

Alloplastic/ Autoplastic: Describes the process of seeking external solutions/developing internal resources to cope with challenges.

Alloplastic/ Autoplastic: Involves adjusting external environment/altering internal thoughts and behaviors in response to stress.

Alloplastic/ Autoplastic: Represents the ability to change external circumstances/engage in self-reflection and personal growth.

177.

[Skill Module]

Explain the stages of Freud’s attempt to access repressed material

Free Association: Encouraging the client to express thoughts, feelings, and memories without censorship or judgment.

Dream Analysis: Exploring the symbolic meaning and latent content of dreams to uncover unconscious material.

Hypnosis: Inducing an altered state of consciousness to access repressed memories and experiences.

Cognitive Restructuring: Challenging and modifying negative thought patterns and beliefs to uncover repressed material.

178.

[Skill Module]

What is the analyst’s stance in Free association

Active Engagement: The analyst actively guides and directs the client's associations, providing interpretations and insights.

Passive Observance: The analyst maintains a passive and non-directive stance, allowing the client to freely express without interference.

Empathic Reflection: The analyst reflects and validates the client's feelings and experiences without imposing their own interpretations.

Authoritative Direction: The analyst provides clear instructions and prompts to guide the client's associations and uncover unconscious material.

179.

[Skill Module]

Explain how analysis of resistance and analysis of transference achieve Catharsis?

Analysis of Resistance: By exploring and understanding the client's defense mechanisms and unconscious conflicts, emotional blockages are released, leading to catharsis.

Analysis of Resistance: By challenging and confronting the client's resistance to therapy, repressed emotions are brought to the surface, resulting in cathartic release.

Analysis of Transference: By examining the client's projections and emotional reactions towards the therapist, unresolved feelings and past experiences are processed, leading to catharsis.

Analysis of Transference: By encouraging the client to express and re-experience intense emotions within the therapeutic relationship, repressed memories and emotions are purged, resulting in catharsis.

180.

[Skill Module]

Explain the components that make the quadrant of the mandala (Structure of Self)?

Core Self: Represents the authentic and true essence of an individual, embodying their unique values, beliefs, and identity.

Ideal Self: Encompasses the desired or ideal version of oneself, incorporating aspirations, goals, and societal expectations.

Shadow Self: Represents the unconscious and repressed aspects of an individual, including fears, insecurities, and negative traits.

Social Self: Reflects the individual's behavior and identity within the social context, influenced by societal norms and interactions.

181.

[Skill Module]

How the personal complex is detected Jungian Therapy?

Archetypal Patterns: Personal complexes are detected by analyzing the presence of recurring archetypal patterns and symbols in the individual's experiences and dreams.

Active Imagination: Through the technique of active imagination, the individual engages in dialogue with their unconscious, allowing the personal complexes to surface and be identified.

Word Association: The individual undergoes word association tests to elicit spontaneous responses, revealing underlying personal complexes.

Behavioral Observations: Trained therapists observe the individual's behaviors, emotional reactions, and interpersonal dynamics to detect signs of personal complexes.

182.

[Skill Module]

Name three main personal complexes?

Animus, Shadow, and Persona

Oedipus Complex, Electra Complex, and Inferiority Complex

Hero Complex, Mother Complex, and Power Complex

Collective Unconscious Complex, Self-Identity Complex, and Cultural Complex

183.

[Skill Module]

What is the Myers Briggs Test of personality?

A test designed to assess cognitive abilities and intelligence.

A test used to diagnose mental health disorders.

A test that measures the Big Five personality traits.

A test that assesses individual preferences in perceiving and making decisions.

184.

[Skill Module]

How active imagination does facilitate balancing conscious with unconscious?

By suppressing unconscious thoughts and focusing solely on conscious awareness.

By encouraging individuals to avoid exploring their unconscious through imagination.

By providing a creative outlet to express and explore unconscious material.

By relying solely on conscious rationality and dismissing unconscious influences.

185.

[Skill Module]

What are Pitfalls of Jungian Therapy?

Overemphasis on spiritual and mystical experiences, neglecting practical concerns.

Overreliance on medication as a primary treatment approach.

Lack of focus on personal growth and self-exploration.

Ignoring the collective unconscious and focusing solely on individual experiences.

186.

[Skill Module]

How does defense analysis work in therapy?

By reinforcing and supporting defensive mechanisms to cope with emotional challenges.

By encouraging the complete elimination of all defense mechanisms for emotional vulnerability.

By exploring and understanding the underlying psychological defenses used to protect against anxiety.

By ignoring defense mechanisms and focusing solely on conscious thoughts and behaviors.

187.

[Skill Module]

How has identity crises worked in Erikson Psychoanalysis?

By causing individuals to remain stuck in a state of identity confusion without resolution.

By promoting a rigid and fixed sense of identity without room for exploration.

By encouraging individuals to conform to societal expectations without questioning their identity.

By providing opportunities for individuals to explore and establish a coherent sense of self.

188.

[Skill Module]

Name the main components of Adlerian Therapy?

Dream analysis, hypnosis, and regression therapy.

Medication management, cognitive restructuring, and exposure therapy.

Birth order, lifestyle assessment, and encouragement of social interest.

Transference analysis, free association, and interpretation of unconscious conflicts.

189.

[Skill Module]

Explain working with birth order?

Birth order is not considered relevant in Adlerian therapy.

Birth order determines an individual's intelligence and abilities.

Birth order influences personality development and life choices.

Birth order has a direct impact on physical appearance.

190.

[Skill Module]

Explain working with family constellations?

Family constellations refer to the physical layout of the therapy room.

Family constellations involve exploring the role of family history and dynamics in therapy.

Family constellations focus on individual therapy without considering family dynamics.

Family constellations involve using art therapy techniques in the therapeutic process.

191.

[Skill Module]

Explain working with Basic Mistakes in Adlerian Therapy?

Identifying and correcting errors in the therapeutic process.

Exploring unconscious desires and conflicts in therapy.

Recognizing and challenging self-defeating patterns and beliefs.

Analyzing childhood experiences and their impact on adult functioning.

192.

[Skill Module]

Where does lifestyle in Adlerian Therapy emanates from?

Genetic factors and biological determinants.

Early childhood experiences and family dynamics.

Unconscious desires and repressed memories.

Social and cultural influences.

193.

[Skill Module]

How do we recognize and rectify a negative lifestyle and its ideas, lifestyle and life tasks?

Through dream analysis and interpretation.

By examining birth order and family constellation.

Through exploration of early memories and family dynamics.

By focusing on cultural and societal influences.

194.

[Skill Module]

Is striving for perfection synonymous with social interests?

Yes, striving for perfection and social interests are synonymous.

No, striving for perfection and social interests are distinct concepts.

Only in certain cases, striving for perfection may be synonymous with social interests.

It depends on individual perspectives and circumstances.

195.

[Skill Module]

Explain the paradox in Social Interest Theory?

Social interest is a fundamental human trait that is innate and unchangeable.

Social interest is solely determined by external factors and social circumstances.

Social interest can be both inherited and developed through conscious efforts.

Social interest is not a significant factor in individual well-being and personal growth.

196.

[Skill Module]

How is the movement from paranoid schizoid to depressive position a developmental stepping stone?

The movement signifies a regression in developmental progress.

The movement indicates the presence of a personality disorder.

The movement reflects the integration of positive and negative feelings.

The movement represents a pathological defense mechanism.

197.

[Skills and Abilities]

What is splitting?

The division of the ego into multiple parts

The defense mechanism of denying unpleasant thoughts or feelings

The process of separating positive and negative aspects of oneself or others

The unconscious expression of repressed desires

198.

[Skill Module]

What are the main Kleinian defenses found in Borderline Personality Disorder?

Repression, denial, and displacement

Splitting, projective identification, and primitive idealization

Reaction formation, sublimation, and intellectualization

Regression, introjection, and undoing

199.

[Skill Module]

Explain how projective identification works?

Projecting one's own unwanted aspects onto others

Identifying with others and taking on their characteristics

Splitting objects or people into all-good and all-bad categories

Idealizing certain people or objects as all-good

200.

[Skill Module]

How is empathic attunement employed with Mirroring and Idealizing transference in Narcissistic Personality Disorder?

Providing validation and affirmation to the individual's grandiose self-image

Challenging and confronting the individual's narcissistic defenses

Encouraging the individual to develop a more realistic self-perception

Establishing clear boundaries and limitations to address entitlement issues

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